过去20年中国快速、大规模、大区块的开发模式使城镇化水平得到了巨大的提升,但同时中国城市所面临的“个体感消失”的问题日益突显。关注个体的差异性与多样性、强调个体的尊重与关爱将是未来城市建设的重要课题。19世纪至今,关于如何建设适宜个体的城市空间已有了大量的研究与实践将城市的交通与服务体系与自然生态体系相结合的新型城市公共空间系统将起到保护个体、协调个人与社会的关系的作用。随着当今社会人们对于生活方式需求的转变与人工智能和无人驾驶技术的出现,未来城市应当改变由汽车交通作为城市骨架的传统做法,而转由引入自然、回归个人尺度的无车化绿色第一综合性系统作为城市的骨干性结构,让个体在城市中通过与自然体系的自由关联重新获得个体感,帮助其实现超越金钱与权力制约的个体自由。而要达成城市绿色第一系统,需要由风景园林专业以竖向设计为核心技术,统筹并引领跨专业的整体化城市设计与建设过程。
未来城市 小区块开发 风景园林 绿色第一系统 个体感
Over the past two decades, the level of urbanization in
China has been greatly elevated by the fast pasted, largescale
and super parcel development. However, the sense
of individualism has been disappearing rapidly from these
mega cities. It shall be a major issue on future urban development
to protect diversity of individuals and provide
them with sense of respect and caring. From 19th century
to the present, there have been numerous researches
and practices on how to build urban spaces suitable
for individuals. By combining urban infrastructure and
facilities with ecological systems, one can create a new
type of “Green Central Core” as the central spine in future
cities, to facilitate and better serve individuals, which can
help people to contribute more to local communities.
With the emergence of artificial intelligence and autopilot
technology, cities in the future should transform from the
traditional automobile dominated system to the “Green
Core Spine” (GCS) as backbone structure, which will
help the returning of natural and individual orientated
auto-free living environment. This will allow people to regain
equality and personal freedom through direct access
with the nature and public facilities in the city, and help
them to be themselves beyond the constraints of capital
and power. To achieve the Green Core Spine, landscape
architects should serve the position of coordinating and
leading a crossing-disciplinary design approach through
the key technical process of inter-grade design.
Future City; Mini Parcel Development; Landscape Architecture;
Green Core Spine; Individual Sensible Space
城市的出现已经有几千年的历史。近百年来城镇化发展快速地在许多国家发生着,城市规模不断扩大的同时也伴随着许多深层次问题的出现。其中,城市中作为个体的归属感、安全感、自由感的消失已经成为社会不得不关注的问题。尤其是在城市化发展速度最快的中国,这个问题更为突出。以往的大规模快速开发、标准划一、以车行为本的规划建设手法已经越来越难以满足未来城市建设的需求,一个全新的城市发展思路亟待探讨与健全。
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马晓暐:北京林业大学风景园林在读博士、上海意格环境设计有限公司总裁及首席设计师